I made some tests to see how far Octane can go at representing reality.
I am new with Octane, so I hope I did not make errors.
Pinhole photography Worked
Theory : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_camera
I put the camera inside the box. It worked very well. The projection is blurry because the hole was relatively big.
The picture is lighted by the sun at full power.
Refraction and total internal reflection Worked
Theroy:
Refraction http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction
Total internal reflection http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection
We can see that the blue and yellow ray are totally reflected into the glass bloc, because their incidence angle is to large.
The red and green ray passe trough the glass bloc and exit with the same angle they enter.
Forget the red, blue and yellow ray at the top right, they are passing over the bloc. Primary colors mix Worked
Theory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_color
On the left I projected on a white surface the red, blue and green lights.
On the right, a white light passe trough a yellow, cyan and magenta filter. Curved mirror Worked
Theory : http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/u13l3d.cfm Diffraction Failed
Theory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction
This was a though one

A monochromatic red light is passing trough one slit. Shadows with SSS Failed
I made a quick test for leaves with a mix material, one is glossy, the other is SSS.
The two pictures are the same scene rotated by about 180°.
I don't see on the right picture, the shadow projected by L2 on L1 as I should in real life.
It could be fun if you want to add more tests

Thank you!