Hi,
I ran into this issue when I was attempting to have some an object rotate in, and then 'reveal' a second object.
The second object was hooked into a switch node with a null object being selected until I wanted it to be in the scene.
For some reason, Octane (or the Houdini plug-in) needs the object to be in the scene in frame 1 for it to render later on.
Here is a test project that demonstrates the issue. If you render this out, the box never shows up in the render, but is viewable in the viewport.
Mac OSX 10.10.5
Titan 6GB
nVidia web driver 346.02.03f10
Octane 3.05.3.0 - Houdini
Octane Render 3.05.3
Houdini Indie 15.5.717